There's Demian, but I haven't read that, so I'll talk about the one that stands out the most to me instead: Waiting for Godot. The gist of the play is that Vladimir and Estragon are two men waiting for a man named Godot to give them something, who seems to have some exalted position that is never really specified. (The End of the World) There are hints that Godot is abusive and cruel and unwilling to give people what they really want, (Ditto for Akio) but the main characters continue to wait for him even as they reflect on how much they are wasting their lives by doing so. This last point can be seen in the last episode when the Seitokai are waiting around the campfire and watching the final duel.

More broadly, every main character is waiting for some powerful figure to show up and give them what they want, which is the basic theme of Waiting for Godot. The Student Council has the End of the World and the duels. This is true even of Akio, the one who is seemingly most in control but is also the most painfully aware of the ultimate futility of his passive lifestyle. Utena has Dios, though she manages to overcome this in the end by actually succeeding at emulating what she admires about him.